34. Urbanization. Climate change and environmental degradation will impact urban development. The ADB Ho Chi Minh City Adaptation to Climate Change study analyzed climate impacts on Ho Chi Minh City, where half of the land area is less than 1 m above sea level (ADB 2010). The rapid urbanization of low-lying areas will increase the amount of assets at risk from extreme events. This is of national concern as Ho Chi Minh City accounts for 23% of Viet Nam’s total GDP. Urbanization and infrastructure projects will be increasingly disrupted by inundation in low-lying areas as hard surfaces proliferate, reducing infiltration. Effective management of runoff during higher intensity inundation events will become a more pressing issue. The urban poor will be increasingly vulnerable to extreme events because they live in areas most at risk typically along canals and riverbanks, and in swampy coastal lands.