Bullying acts include (a)
verbal assaults including insults, mockery, blackmail, gossiping, threats, lying, and evasion; (b) omission
of critical information; (c) invasion of one’s personal life; and (d) providing a harmful physical
environment (Bray, 2001; Hastie, 2002). Hutchinson et al. (2008) classified bullying acts as attacks on
competence and reputation, personal attacks, and attacks through work tasks.