In terms of
cultural dimensions, Indonesia has a high PDI with a score of
78 which indicates imbalanced power dynamics between leaders and the people where communication may be indirect
with hidden negative feedback (Hofstede, 2014). Finally, SEA
developments in Indonesia indicate the presence of SEA
legislation though its application in policy planning is absent.
Nevertheless, provisions for SEA public participation is
present though public participation practice is also absent.
Consequently, Indonesia’s high PDI suggests its SEA initiatives
may be driven in a top-down manner where in theory the legal
provisions are in place but in practice there may be limited
consensus in its application to the extent SEA may be
considered a burden by planning agencies.