The latter is rather new to Sweden; the first management contract
was signed only some few years ago. Most of these contracts
are for small municipalities and the contract periods are short,
typically three plus three years. The question of delegated management
has been the subject of intensive discussion in Sweden. However,
the situation concerning water supply and sanitation in the
country is very well in hand with the management of today. The
concepts proposed, especially by foreign organisations, have so far
not been attractive enough. The investigation referred to above does, however, indicate that a state of change may be approaching
because 44 municipalities indicated that their organisations were
now working on the basis of the client – contractor concept. This
is a first step in allowing other bodies in as contractors, for example
non-governmental companies.
The effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants is
subject to the licensing rules as expressed in the new Environmental
Code that succeeded the Environmental Act in 1999. The Code is
a framework covering most of the legislation relevant to the
environment. Other major legislation within the field is the Health
Act, the Public Water and Wastewater Plant Act, and the Food Act.
Drinking water quality is the responsibility of the Ministry of
Agriculture with the National Food Administration as the central
supervising agency. On a local level the municipal committee for
environment and health exerts the supervision.
The Ministry of the Environment is responsible for water
protection. The supervision is provided by the Environmental
Protection Agency on a central level, the county administration on
a regional level and the municipal committee for environment and
health on the local level.
Permits for the discharge of treated sewage are granted by the
Regional Environmental Courts for the largest plants. A Supreme
Environmental Court deals with appeals. The County Administrative
Board issues permits for most plants, and for the smallest
plants the municipal environment and health committee may give
its approval.
The Swedish Association of Local Authorities is an interest
organisation that covers the whole scope of municipal activities.
It also takes an interest in the water sector especially when the
political and policy issues are on the agenda. A specialised
organisation within the field is the Swedish Water &Wastewater
Association that will be further described below
The latter is rather new to Sweden; the first management contractwas signed only some few years ago. Most of these contractsare for small municipalities and the contract periods are short,typically three plus three years. The question of delegated managementhas been the subject of intensive discussion in Sweden. However,the situation concerning water supply and sanitation in thecountry is very well in hand with the management of today. Theconcepts proposed, especially by foreign organisations, have so farnot been attractive enough. The investigation referred to above does, however, indicate that a state of change may be approachingbecause 44 municipalities indicated that their organisations werenow working on the basis of the client – contractor concept. Thisis a first step in allowing other bodies in as contractors, for examplenon-governmental companies.The effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants issubject to the licensing rules as expressed in the new EnvironmentalCode that succeeded the Environmental Act in 1999. The Code isa framework covering most of the legislation relevant to theenvironment. Other major legislation within the field is the HealthAct, the Public Water and Wastewater Plant Act, and the Food Act.Drinking water quality is the responsibility of the Ministry ofAgriculture with the National Food Administration as the centralsupervising agency. On a local level the municipal committee forสภาพแวดล้อมและสุขภาพ exerts กำกับดูแลกระทรวงสิ่งแวดล้อมรับผิดชอบน้ำการป้องกัน การกำกับดูแลโดยสิ่งแวดล้อมสำนักงานปกป้องในระดับกลาง การจัดการเขตในระดับภูมิภาคและคณะกรรมการเทศบาลสำหรับสภาพแวดล้อม และสุขภาพในระดับท้องถิ่นใบอนุญาตสำหรับการปล่อยออกของน้ำเสียที่บำบัดได้รับสิทธิโดยการศาลสิ่งแวดล้อมระดับภูมิภาคสำหรับพืชที่ใหญ่ที่สุด ฎีกาศาลสิ่งแวดล้อมเกี่ยวข้องกับการอุทธรณ์ เขตปกครองปัญหาที่คณะกรรมการอนุญาตให้ สำหรับพืชมากที่สุด และน้อยที่สุดพืชอาจให้คณะกรรมการสิ่งแวดล้อมและสุขภาพเทศบาลการอนุมัติสวีเดนความสัมพันธ์ของหน่วยงานท้องถิ่นมีความสนใจองค์กรที่ครอบคลุมขอบเขตทั้งหมดของเทศบาลนอกจากนี้ยังใช้ความสนใจในภาคน้ำโดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งเมื่อการการเมืองและประเด็นนโยบายในวาระการประชุม เป็นพิเศษองค์กรภายในเขตเป็นน้ำสวีเดนและน้ำเสียสมาคมที่จะมีอธิบายเพิ่มเติมด้านล่าง
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