Microalgal biomasses have been produced industrially for a long history for application in a variety of different
fields. Most recently, microalgae are established as the most promising species for biofuel production and CO2
bio-sequestration owing to their high photosynthesis efficiency. Nevertheless, design of photobioreactors that
maximize solar energy capture and conversion has been one of themajor challenges in commercial microalga
biomass production. In this review, we systematically survey the recent developments in this field.