End-of-line packaging processes and technologies - particularly palletising and pallet packaging - play a critical role in safeguarding product in its highest value-added state for delivery to and use by customers, as well as in driving packaging line profitability. Poorly formed pallet loads, for example, can increase transportation costs and time-to-market. Similarly, non-optimized pallet packaging leaves pallet loads unstable, making them especially vulnerable to tipping, spillage, and damage. The financial costs can erode margins, while reputational costs can cut into a company's market share.