Due to the fact that the impact takes place for a very short time, an
implicit code could not be applied. The transient dynamic behavior is
modeled using the explicit dynamic analysis available at the finite
element-based commercial code ANSYS/LS-DYNA, which is an explicit
numerical code, popularly used to analyze a variety of impact
problems [17,18].
The analysis employed a Lagrangian formulation. The momentum
equation is expressed as Eq. (1).
M€U ¼ Fext−Fint ð1Þ
where M is the lumped mass matrix, Ü is the nodal acceleration at
each time step, F ext is the externally applied load at each node, and
F int is the internal force. This set of equations is solved by the central
difference method using an explicit time integration scheme and
employing a lumped mass matrix.
To advance to time tn + 1, central difference time integration is
usually used as follows:
€U ¼ M−1 Fext−Fint
ð2Þ
U
nþ1=2 ¼U
n−1=2 þ €UnΔtn ð3Þ
Unþ1 ¼ Un þU nþ1=2Δtnþ1=2 ð4Þ
where Δtnþ1=2 ¼ ðΔtnþΔtnþ1Þ
2 , and U
and U are the global velocity and
displacement vectors, respectively. Δt is the time step. Increment
number is denoted by superscript (n); n − 1/2 and n + 1/2 refer to
mid-increment before and after step n. Then, update the geometry by
adding the displacement increments to the initial geometry:
Due to the fact that the impact takes place for a very short time, animplicit code could not be applied. The transient dynamic behavior ismodeled using the explicit dynamic analysis available at the finiteelement-based commercial code ANSYS/LS-DYNA, which is an explicitnumerical code, popularly used to analyze a variety of impactproblems [17,18].The analysis employed a Lagrangian formulation. The momentumequation is expressed as Eq. (1).M€U ¼ Fext−Fint ð1Þwhere M is the lumped mass matrix, Ü is the nodal acceleration ateach time step, F ext is the externally applied load at each node, andF int is the internal force. This set of equations is solved by the centraldifference method using an explicit time integration scheme andemploying a lumped mass matrix.To advance to time tn + 1, central difference time integration isusually used as follows:€U ¼ M−1 Fext−Fint ð2ÞUnþ1=2 ¼U n−1=2 þ €UnΔtn ð3ÞUnþ1 ¼ Un þU nþ1=2Δtnþ1=2 ð4Þwhere Δtnþ1=2 ¼ ðΔtnþΔtnþ1Þ2 , and Uand U are the global velocity anddisplacement vectors, respectively. Δt is the time step. Incrementnumber is denoted by superscript (n); n − 1/2 and n + 1/2 refer tomid-increment before and after step n. Then, update the geometry byadding the displacement increments to the initial geometry:
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
