Intuitively, when the profit gained from selling one unit of the item is less than the loss incurred
for an unsold item, a smaller quantity should be purchased to reduce the leftovers. On the contrary,
when the profit is greater than the loss, a larger amount should be purchased to satisfy the
customers’ demand. If the profit is equal to the loss, then it makes no difference to order a smaller
quantity or larger quantity. In this study it is found that %maller quantity” corresponds to the
domain quantity for the left-shape function of the fuzzy demand, “larger quantity” corresponds
to the domain quantity for the right-shape function, and “no-difference quantity” corresponds to
the quantity with membership grade 1.