Cost-service trade-off: For example if a company switches from rail to air transportation to move raw materials from a vender to the plant, the air carrier is incresed speed, or lower inventories to meet demand during transit time and to use less warehousing space and less-stringent product packaging: but the company realizes these advantages at the expense of higher transportation decision in a vacuum: applying the total cost or systems apporoach requires a company to consider how the transport decision will affect other element of the logistics system.