The paper has eight sections. After this
introductory section, the second section
briefly discusses the present situation of
water resources availability in Japan.
Sections three to five review the role of
government, budgeting and financing
issues, and legal frameworks for water
resources management. Sections six and
seven are the core of the paper. Section six
discusses the use of various market-based
instruments such as water tariffs, subsidies,
water trading, private sector participation
contacts, and special purpose taxes. Section
seven discusses the use of command-and-
control measures such as water resources
allocation (water rights and/or permits),
and water pollution controls (water quality
standards and/or effluent regulations).
Section eight contains concluding remarks.