in Australia, the most popular model for retirement villages is the leasehold deferred management fee.The developer sells a lease often at about a 15% discount to neighbouring non-retirement properties, collects a significant service charge to pay for services and collects a "deferred management fee" which is a capital payment when the owner sells the property. This "deferred management fee" is often called a departure fee, generally at 2% to 2.5% of the purchase price for each year of ownership.Under some contracts, part of the gain on sale goes to the operator and there can be refurbishment charges on a sale. Often the operator is designated as being the only sales agent for the property.The need for senior housing is going to grow in Thailand and the need for a high level of service means that a traditional condominium or housing sale structure is unlikely to be appropriate.Every ageing country could develop in two directions depending on each country's social conditions. One is the US model of rental and service. The other is something more similar to Australia, with an upfront capital payment to acquire a lease, service fees and a capital payment to the operator on exit.