Resilience. The Korean version of the questionnaire developed to measure the resilience of children
with chronic illness (Kim and Yoo, 2010) was used for this study. This 32-item questionnaire
involved a 4-point Likert scale that assessed three subfactors: (1) intrapersonal factors (e.g. ‘I
am an important person’); (2) coping factors (e.g. ‘When I am in a difficult situation, I try to find
my way out of it’); and (3) interpersonal factors (e.g. ‘It is easy for me to get along’), and the number
of items for each factor is 10, 12, and 10 in order, respectively. The possible scores range from
32 to 128 points. Internal consistency scores of the total items and the three subfactors, namely
intrapersonal factors, coping factors, and interpersonal factors, at the time of development were
0.92, 0.82, 0.84, and 0.84, respectively (Kim and Yoo, 2010). The calculated Cronbach’s a coefficient
in this study was 0.84.