Infections
■ Enteric infections (including food poisoning
■ Extraintestinal infections
Drug-induced
■ Antibiotic-associated
■ Laxatives
■ Antacids that contain magnesium
■ Opiate withdrawal
■ Other drugs
Food allergies or intolerances
■ Cow's milk protein allergy
■ Soy protein allergy
■ Multiple food allergies
■ Olestra
■ Methylxanthines (caffeine, theobromine, theophylline)
Disorders of digestive/absorptive processes
■ Glucose-galactose malabsorption
■ Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency
■ Late-onset (adult-type) hypolactasia, resulting in lactose intolerance
Chemotherapy or radiation-induced enteritis
Surgical conditions
■ Acute appendicitis
■ Intussusception
Vitamin deficiencies
■ Niacin deficiency
■ Folate deficiency
Vitamin toxicity
■ Vitamin C
■ Niacin, vitamin B3
Ingestion of heavy metals or toxins (eg, copper, tin, zinc)
Ingestion of plants (eg, hyacinths, daffodils, azalea, mistletoe, Amanita species mushrooms