higher in the first stage (kd1) than in the second stage
(kd2). That gives prediction that the humic acid removal
process may be controlled by the intra-particle
diffusion (Elkady et al., 2011; Fan et al., 2011; Zulfikar
et al., 2013a; 2013b). The values of kd1dan kd2 for the
adsorption of humic acid slightly increased with
increasing temperature from 25 to 65 o
C. This indicated
that increasing temperature slightly increases the
migration of humic acid into the inner structure of CSC.
From Table 5, we also can see that the value of C
increased with increasing temperature. This suggests
that the effect of boundary layer diffusion for the
adsorption of humic acid on CSC probably become
more important at higher temperature because of the
greater random motion associated with the increased
thermal energy (Lin and Zhan, 2012). The
thermodynamic parameters such as the Gibbs free
energy (DGo
), enthalpy (DHo
) and entropy (DSo
) were
also evaluated to understand the effect of temperature
on adsorption process. The thermodynamic parameters
were determined using using the following equations:
higher in the first stage (kd1) than in the second stage
(kd2). That gives prediction that the humic acid removal
process may be controlled by the intra-particle
diffusion (Elkady et al., 2011; Fan et al., 2011; Zulfikar
et al., 2013a; 2013b). The values of kd1dan kd2 for the
adsorption of humic acid slightly increased with
increasing temperature from 25 to 65 o
C. This indicated
that increasing temperature slightly increases the
migration of humic acid into the inner structure of CSC.
From Table 5, we also can see that the value of C
increased with increasing temperature. This suggests
that the effect of boundary layer diffusion for the
adsorption of humic acid on CSC probably become
more important at higher temperature because of the
greater random motion associated with the increased
thermal energy (Lin and Zhan, 2012). The
thermodynamic parameters such as the Gibbs free
energy (DGo
), enthalpy (DHo
) and entropy (DSo
) were
also evaluated to understand the effect of temperature
on adsorption process. The thermodynamic parameters
were determined using using the following equations:
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