The methodology of this study limits its range to defined stages of news
transmission, concentrating on the paired texts of input and output copy. It
examines not just selection among arguably equal alternatives, but the
active, purposeful intervention of the copy editor in the form and meaning of
news copy. Copy editors do not merely chose among an open set of options.
They actively, if unconsciously, substitute alternatives already rejected,
reverse choices already made by the source journalist.
Because this process is one of active intervention, where copy alteration is
the subject of a focussed choice, the force of the patterns which emerge is
much more striking. In the syntactic analysis, we saw how editing can
re-style a text towards a target considered suitable for a particular audience.
In the semantic analysis, we saw the active substitution of meanings which
are incongruent with the original. Inferences of bias according to social/
political factors made on this evidence are specific and persuasive.
Any situation where one text is transformed into another can be subjected
to this kind of analysis. It can be applied to any stage of the news flow; to the
effects of news censorship; to the editing of other mass communication
content such as books or television scripts; to interpretation and translation
from one language to another in news transmission, diplomacy, business; to
re-writing texts for Ll or L2 learners; to the captioning of TV programmes
for the deaf. Such research depends on social and political conditions to
define its issues, on a sound and detailed linguistic analysis for its evidence,
on media sociology for its interpretation, and on newsworkers for its
application.
The methodology of this study limits its range to defined stages of newstransmission, concentrating on the paired texts of input and output copy. Itexamines not just selection among arguably equal alternatives, but theactive, purposeful intervention of the copy editor in the form and meaning ofnews copy. Copy editors do not merely chose among an open set of options.They actively, if unconsciously, substitute alternatives already rejected,reverse choices already made by the source journalist.Because this process is one of active intervention, where copy alteration isthe subject of a focussed choice, the force of the patterns which emerge ismuch more striking. In the syntactic analysis, we saw how editing canre-style a text towards a target considered suitable for a particular audience.In the semantic analysis, we saw the active substitution of meanings whichare incongruent with the original. Inferences of bias according to social/political factors made on this evidence are specific and persuasive.Any situation where one text is transformed into another can be subjectedto this kind of analysis. It can be applied to any stage of the news flow; to theeffects of news censorship; to the editing of other mass communicationcontent such as books or television scripts; to interpretation and translationfrom one language to another in news transmission, diplomacy, business; tore-writing texts for Ll or L2 learners; to the captioning of TV programmesfor the deaf. Such research depends on social and political conditions todefine its issues, on a sound and detailed linguistic analysis for its evidence,on media sociology for its interpretation, and on newsworkers for itsapplication.
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