After collecting the data, a principal component analysis was performed to group the items into factors. Then, to confirm the validity of the proposed model, an analysis of covariance and estimation of a structural equation model are performed following the two-step procedure recommended by Anderson and Gerbing (1988). This procedure involves, first, analyzing the quality of the measurement of the constructs through a confirmatory factor analysis, and second, the estimation of a structural, theoretical or causal model, which provides information about the relationships between the constructs related to the hypotheses of this study. This approach permits comparison of assumptions about causal relations between latent and/or observed variables (Figure 1).