4. Conclusions
As with other studies conducted internationally, our results indicate
that raw milk sampled from farm vats in New Zealand contained
recognised pathogens. Even so, the prevalence and concentration of
the pathogens included in the study were relatively low. Detection
rates for Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter and Listeria
were generally lower than those found in many of the studies from
other countries. This finding is perhaps not surprising, as the presence
of these pathogens in raw milk is believed to be influenced by environmental
factors, such as indoor housing of cattle and poor quality
feed, such as silage, which are less likely to occur on New Zealand
dairy farms where the animals are predominantly pasture fed.
Notwithstanding, the inescapable presence of such pathogens in
raw milk, albeit at low levels, highlights the continued need for correct
pasteurisation or other equivalent destructive technique to be
practised routinely to ensure the production of safe dairy products
for consumption. Without the maintenance of pasteurisation or
other effective controls, these pathogens have the potential to cause
illnesses in consumers of raw milk or products made from raw milk.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dr. Andrew Hudson (Christchurch Science
Centre) for his significant contributions to the planning of this study
and for his editorial input, Dr. Rob Crawford (Fonterra) for the development
of the modified MPN method used in this study and also the
contributions made to the design and execution of the study by
Dr. Steve Hathaway, Dr. Roger Cook and Dr. Lisa Oakley (NZFSA),
4. ConclusionsAs with other studies conducted internationally, our results indicatethat raw milk sampled from farm vats in New Zealand containedrecognised pathogens. Even so, the prevalence and concentration ofthe pathogens included in the study were relatively low. Detectionrates for Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7, Campylobacter and Listeriawere generally lower than those found in many of the studies fromother countries. This finding is perhaps not surprising, as the presenceof these pathogens in raw milk is believed to be influenced by environmentalfactors, such as indoor housing of cattle and poor qualityfeed, such as silage, which are less likely to occur on New Zealanddairy farms where the animals are predominantly pasture fed.Notwithstanding, the inescapable presence of such pathogens inraw milk, albeit at low levels, highlights the continued need for correctpasteurisation or other equivalent destructive technique to bepractised routinely to ensure the production of safe dairy productsfor consumption. Without the maintenance of pasteurisation orother effective controls, these pathogens have the potential to causeillnesses in consumers of raw milk or products made from raw milk.AcknowledgementsWe would like to thank Dr. Andrew Hudson (Christchurch ScienceCentre) for his significant contributions to the planning of this studyand for his editorial input, Dr. Rob Crawford (Fonterra) for the developmentof the modified MPN method used in this study and also thecontributions made to the design and execution of the study byDr. Steve Hathaway, Dr. Roger Cook and Dr. Lisa Oakley (NZFSA),
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