Statistical parameters (min, max, mean and
standard deviation) of heavy and trace elements
concentration found in the samples of the study
area are given in Table 2. Among the heavy and
trace metals Pb ranged from 0.42 to 1.66 ppm
(mean: 1.04 ppm), Zn from < 0.02 to 2.40 ppm
(mean: 1.20 ppm), Cr from 0.11 to 0.25 ppm
(mean: 0.18 ppm), Ni from 0.03 to 0.09 ppm
(mean: 0.06 ppm), Mg from 111.55 to 655.10 ppm
(mean: 383.5 ppm), Na from <0.02 to 5.0 ppm
(mean: 2.50 ppm), Ca from 21.25 to 141.72 ppm
(mean: 81.62 ppm) and K from 1.0 to 8.0 ppm
(mean: 4.50 ppm). The mean values of for
majority of the elements are showing no
significant variation. However Ca and Mg are
showing relatively less concentration in springs as
compare to other sources. These results indicated
that majority of heavy and trace metals (except Zn
and Na) were found above their permissible limits
set by WHO (2004) as shown in Figure 2.
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