According to Brown and Yücel (2002), such effect works as follows: If wages are nominally sticky downward, the oil price-induced reduction in GDP growth will lead to increased unemployment and a further reduction in GDP growth. This relationship holds unless unexpected inflation increases as much as GDP growth falls. The initial reduction in GDP growth is accompanied by a reduction in labor productivity. Unless real wages fall by as much as the reduction in labor productivity, firms will lay off workers, which will increase unemployment and cause further GDP losses. If wages are nominally sticky downward, according to Brown and Yücel (2002), the only mechanism through which a wage reduction necessary for the stabilization of employment can occur is through unexpected inflation that is at least as great as the reduction in GDP growth.