Table 1
Descriptions of the 5 global circulation models used in this study.
Model name Institute acronyms Institute full name
GFDL-ESM2M NOAA GFDL NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
Laboratory
HadGEM2-ES MOHC (additional
realizations by
INPE)
Met Office Hadley Centre and Instituto
Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
IPSL-CM5A-LR IPSL Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace
MIROC-ESM-CHEM MIROC Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science
and Technology, Atmosphere and Ocean
Research Institute (The University of
Tokyo), and National Institute for
Environmental Studies
NorESM1-M NCC Norwegian Climate Centr