The crystallinity index (Icr) of the samples (calculated by Eq. (1))
was 15.0, 58.6, and 49.2% for the bran, CT-treated CNFs, and ETtreated
CNFs, respectively. Nanofibers of mulberry branch barks
obtained by CT had Icr of 58.8% (Li et al., 2009), similar to that found
for the CT-treated nanofibers herein. In contrast, bagasse pulp
nanofibers obtained by ET gave much higher Icr (73.9%) (Hassan
et al., 2010) as compared with the ET-treated CNFs achieved in
this study.