2. Background
Manganese can be found in natural waters both
in its most reduced and soluble form, the
manganese(II) ion and in the oxided form MnO2
(pyrolusite), respectively. If not oxidized, manganese(
II) ions can easily escape through water
treatment processes and, once in the distribution
system, can gradually be oxidized to insoluble
manganic dioxide causing several problems such
as water discoloration, metallic taste, odor, turbidity,
biofouling and corrosion, staining of laundry
and plumbing fixture.