Microwave techniques employ various sensors, including microstrip, coplanar, dielectric waveguide, monopole, coaxial probe, and microstrip ring resonator, to estimate moisture content in oil palm mesocarp.Microwave sensors are effective because water molecules in oil palm mesocarp are responsive to microwaves due to their polar nature.Different microwave sensor types are suited for different applications but may require thorough sample preparation.The precision of microwave measurements can be influenced by the size of the fruit.In summary, this section provides a comprehensive overview of the ripeness of oil palm fruits and the various methods used to evaluate their ripeness, with a focus on microwave sensors and their suitability for moisture content measurements.