a b s t r a c t
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is an important pest of citrus, which transmits the disease
Huanglongbing with devastating effects on the citrus industry around the world. Control relies mainly
on synthetic pesticides, but biological control using entomopathogenic fungi may provide an alternative
strategy. Based on previous in vitro experiments, we selected four isolates, one from each of the species
Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea and Hirstella citriformis. With these isolates,
we carried out in vivo experiments to select an isolate based on its infection ability against adult D. citri.
Using only H. citriformis isolates, we evaluated the mortality in D. citri achieved using blastospores. As a
potential cause of the low mortality achieved with H. citriformis, we evaluated the effect of inoculum
carrier (Tween 80 or distilled water) on conidial germination. We also compared the pathogenicity
of dry conidia (not suspended in 0.03% Tween 80) of H. citriformis and M. anisopliae against adult
D. citri. Using conidial suspensions, all isolates caused mortalities above 80% in adult D. citri cohorts,
except H. citriformis, which caused a maximum of 40% mortality. The mortality caused by blastospore
suspensions of H. citriformis, were 60%. Tween 80 solution and distilled water significantly reduced the
germination of H. citriformis conidia. Dry conidia of H. citriformis and M. anisopliae caused 100% mortality.
Our results suggest that using a combination of biological control approaches, both inundative (using
M. anisopliae or I. fumosorosea isolates in suspension) and inoculative (using H. citriformis as dry conidia
in autoinoculation devices), has good biological control potential. The suitability of the combined use of
these two biological control approaches for management of D. citri is discussed.
a b s t r a c tThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is an important pest of citrus, which transmits the diseaseHuanglongbing with devastating effects on the citrus industry around the world. Control relies mainlyon synthetic pesticides, but biological control using entomopathogenic fungi may provide an alternativestrategy. Based on previous in vitro experiments, we selected four isolates, one from each of the speciesBeauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea and Hirstella citriformis. With these isolates,we carried out in vivo experiments to select an isolate based on its infection ability against adult D. citri.Using only H. citriformis isolates, we evaluated the mortality in D. citri achieved using blastospores. As apotential cause of the low mortality achieved with H. citriformis, we evaluated the effect of inoculumcarrier (Tween 80 or distilled water) on conidial germination. We also compared the pathogenicityof dry conidia (not suspended in 0.03% Tween 80) of H. citriformis and M. anisopliae against adultD. citri. Using conidial suspensions, all isolates caused mortalities above 80% in adult D. citri cohorts,except H. citriformis, which caused a maximum of 40% mortality. The mortality caused by blastosporesuspensions of H. citriformis, were 60%. Tween 80 solution and distilled water significantly reduced thegermination of H. citriformis conidia. Dry conidia of H. citriformis and M. anisopliae caused 100% mortality.Our results suggest that using a combination of biological control approaches, both inundative (usingM. anisopliae or I. fumosorosea isolates in suspension) and inoculative (using H. citriformis as dry conidiain autoinoculation devices), has good biological control potential. The suitability of the combined use ofthese two biological control approaches for management of D. citri is discussed.
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