A model is developed for carrying capacity management and research based on indepth case studies at 6 different locations in the USA. Previous work on carrying capacity is incorporated and literature is selectively reviewed. The first chapter presents the problems, develops the model, and provides an overview of the rest of the book. Succeeding chapters cover relevant literature; crowding and satisfaction, drawing on theoretical issues and quantitative evidence; capacity judgements; the implementation and application of policy and future research (also included in the process for establishing capacities for a reservoir, ski area, picnic area, hot spring, a wilderness backpacking area, an eating establishment, a swimming pool, and a tavern); and allocation systems. Appendices contain aspects of measurement for capacity studies; the setting up of carrying capacity studies; and data describing allocation systems.