Christofferson et al (2003) conducted a study using data from the four largest hospitals in southern Sweden. Its purpose was to evaluate the risk factors for shoulder dystocia and brachial plexus injury. Cases were selected using ICD-9 codes; all cases of shoulder dystocia that occurred between 1987 and 1993 were included. A control group was also randomly selected; each case of shoulder dystocia was matched with two control infants of similar weight (+/-100gms), year of birth and maternity unit. During the seven-year study period, 102,271 deliveries occurred at these four hospitals, 107 cases of shoulder dystocia were identified, 198 births were selected for the control group. Maternal and infant medical records were reviewed for the following information parity, maternal weight at delivery, weight gain during pregnancy, gestational age, spontaneous or induced labor, type of analgesia used, duration of first and second stage, time of delivery and Apgar score. Risk factors evaluated were maternal weight increase >20kg, maternal weight at delivery >90kg, gestational age >42 weeks, induction of labor, epidural analgesia, first stage of labor >10 hours, second stage of labor >2 hours, time of delivery between 0000 and 0700 and instrumental delivery. Three risk factors were found to be statistically significant, induction of labor, epidural analgesia and instrumental delivery.
Christofferson et al (2003) conducted a study using data from the four largest hospitals in southern Sweden. Its purpose was to evaluate the risk factors for shoulder dystocia and brachial plexus injury. Cases were selected using ICD-9 codes; all cases of shoulder dystocia that occurred between 1987 and 1993 were included. A control group was also randomly selected; each case of shoulder dystocia was matched with two control infants of similar weight (+/-100gms), year of birth and maternity unit. During the seven-year study period, 102,271 deliveries occurred at these four hospitals, 107 cases of shoulder dystocia were identified, 198 births were selected for the control group. Maternal and infant medical records were reviewed for the following information parity, maternal weight at delivery, weight gain during pregnancy, gestational age, spontaneous or induced labor, type of analgesia used, duration of first and second stage, time of delivery and Apgar score. Risk factors evaluated were maternal weight increase >20kg, maternal weight at delivery >90kg, gestational age >42 weeks, induction of labor, epidural analgesia, first stage of labor >10 hours, second stage of labor >2 hours, time of delivery between 0000 and 0700 and instrumental delivery. Three risk factors were found to be statistically significant, induction of labor, epidural analgesia and instrumental delivery.
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