Another characteristic feature of concept mapping strategy is the basic motivation for the hierarchical arrangement of
concepts in concept maps which comes from Ausubel’s notion of subsumption, that more general, superordinate
concepts subsume more specific, detailed concepts. This theoretical notion translates to an arrangement of concepts
from those that are more general toward the top of the page, with those that are more specific or detailed distributed
beneath. Another defining factor of Concept maps is the use of linking phrases between concepts. Novak and Gowin
(1984) state that a linking phrase should join concepts to form a meaningful learning proposition, which is a basic
unit of knowledge according to the theory of meaningful learning and Ausubel’s Assimilation Theory. The
fundamentals of concept mapping are based on Ausubel’s learning theory which in itself is based on the assumption
that meaningful learning occurs when new concepts are linked to familiar concepts existing in the learner’s cognitive
structure and can be applied to all subject matter. The connections that concept maps facilitate learning not only
allow students to draw associations amongst the main concepts being presented, but also generate greater retention,
application, and understanding. (Kothe, 2009).