In this study, the effect of irrigation with raw or diluted municipal sewage effluent
accompanied by foliar micronutrient fertilizer sprays was examined on the growth, dry matter accumulation,
grain yield, and mineral nutrients in foxtail millet plants. The experimental design was a
split plot with three irrigation sources: raw sewage, 50% diluted sewage, and well water comprising
the main treatments, and four combinations of Mn and Zn foliar sprays as sub-treatments that were
applied with four replications. The experiment was conducted in 2009 at the Zabol University
research farm in Zabol, south Iran. The applied municipal sewage effluent contained higher levels
of micronutrients and macronutrients and exhibited greater degrees of electrical conductivity compared
to well water. Because of the small scale of industrial activities in Zabol, the amount of heavy
metals in the sewage was negligible (below the limits set for irrigation water in agricultural lands);
these contaminants would not be severely detrimental to crop growth. The experimental results
indicated that irrigation of plants with raw or diluted sewage stimulates the measured growth
and productivity parameters of foxtail millet plants. The concentrations of micronutrients and
macronutrients were also positively affected. These stimulations were attributed to the presence
of high levels of such essential nutrients as N, P, and organic matter in wastewater. Supplied in
sewage water alone, Mn and Zn were not able to raise the productivity of millet to the level obtained
using fertilizers at the recommended values; this by itself indicated that additional nutrients from
fertilizers are required to obtain higher levels of millet productivity with sewage farming. Despite
the differences in nutrient concentrations among the different irrigation water sources, the micronutrient
foliar sprays did not affect the concentrations of micronutrients and macronutrients in
foxtail millet plants. These results suggested that municipal sewage effluent could be utilized efficiently
as an important source of water, and that the nutrients used in growing foxtail millet with sewage water irrigation did not have any significant harmful effect on crop productivity. In contrast,
the nutrients proved beneficial to soil fertility and millet productivity and quality.
In this study, the effect of irrigation with raw or diluted municipal sewage effluent
accompanied by foliar micronutrient fertilizer sprays was examined on the growth, dry matter accumulation,
grain yield, and mineral nutrients in foxtail millet plants. The experimental design was a
split plot with three irrigation sources: raw sewage, 50% diluted sewage, and well water comprising
the main treatments, and four combinations of Mn and Zn foliar sprays as sub-treatments that were
applied with four replications. The experiment was conducted in 2009 at the Zabol University
research farm in Zabol, south Iran. The applied municipal sewage effluent contained higher levels
of micronutrients and macronutrients and exhibited greater degrees of electrical conductivity compared
to well water. Because of the small scale of industrial activities in Zabol, the amount of heavy
metals in the sewage was negligible (below the limits set for irrigation water in agricultural lands);
these contaminants would not be severely detrimental to crop growth. The experimental results
indicated that irrigation of plants with raw or diluted sewage stimulates the measured growth
and productivity parameters of foxtail millet plants. The concentrations of micronutrients and
macronutrients were also positively affected. These stimulations were attributed to the presence
of high levels of such essential nutrients as N, P, and organic matter in wastewater. Supplied in
sewage water alone, Mn and Zn were not able to raise the productivity of millet to the level obtained
using fertilizers at the recommended values; this by itself indicated that additional nutrients from
fertilizers are required to obtain higher levels of millet productivity with sewage farming. Despite
the differences in nutrient concentrations among the different irrigation water sources, the micronutrient
foliar sprays did not affect the concentrations of micronutrients and macronutrients in
foxtail millet plants. These results suggested that municipal sewage effluent could be utilized efficiently
as an important source of water, and that the nutrients used in growing foxtail millet with sewage water irrigation did not have any significant harmful effect on crop productivity. In contrast,
the nutrients proved beneficial to soil fertility and millet productivity and quality.
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