A significant proportion of FDI in plantation
agriculture is sourced from Vietnam, Thailand and
China. Large players include the privately-owned
Vietnamese company, Hoang Anh Gia Lai (Kenney-
Lazar 2012) and the state-owned Vietnam Rubber
Group. Both have acquired land concessions in
Cambodia and Laos, either directly or through powerful
business tycoons, and both are partly capitalised
by Deutsche Bank and the International Finance
Corporation (Global Witness 2013).