3. The change in food and cash income. this is the change in the actual or expected production and/ or price of any item produced or traded in the LZ. Reliable quantitative production values are rarely available at the geographic scale required. Crop and other production changes are expressed as the percentage of the change or expected change from the reference year, a form in which information is relatively easily obtained from field work. Prices are in local currency at current or expected values e.g. for cash crops.
4. Non-food costs. These are based on the cost of a user defined basket of goods. A lower survival level of non-food consumption is often used as in many places poorer households cannot afford an acceptable level of non-food consumption even in non-crisis years.