The calculus of locating activities in developing countries is also changing. Olam International, a leading cashew producer,
traditionally shipped its nuts from Africa to Asia for processing at facilities staffed by productive Asian workers. But by opening
local processing plants and training workers in Tanzania, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Côte d’Ivoire, Olam has cut processing
and shipping costs by as much as 25%—not to mention, greatly reduced carbon emissions. In making this move, Olam also
built preferred relationships with local farmers. And it has provided direct employment to 17,000 people—95% of whom are
women—and indirect employment to an equal number of people, in rural areas where jobs otherwise were not available.