1. Coffee should be grown with at least 60–65% of litter layer,
which will limit the impact of erosion to around 13% of the
cultivated area. Therefore, it is advisable to leave plant residue in
place after weeding and pruning operations.
2. Coffee should be grown on slopes with a gradient of less than
30%, in order to reduce erosion to less than 10%. However, an
acceptable level of erosion can be maintained (at around 16%) on
slopes with gradients of 50–70% in a perennial agroforestry
system. Therefore, the slope gradient factor does not signifi-
cantly increase erosion rates in this agroforestry system, which