Our circuitry for empathy was designed for face-to-face moments. Today, working together online poses special challenges for empathy. Take, for example, that familiar moment in a meeting when everyone has reached a tacit consensus, and one person then articulates aloud what everyone already knows but has not said: "Okay, then we all agree on this." Heads nod.
But coming to such consensus in an online text-based discussion requires flying blind, without relying on the continuous cascade of nonverbal messages that in a real meeting let someone announce aloud the as-yet-unspoken agreement. We can base our reading of others only on what they have to say. Beyond that, there's reading between the lines: online we rely on cognitive empathy, the variety of mind-reading that lets us infer what's going on in someone else's mind.
Cognitive empathy gives us the ability to understand another person's ways of seeing and of thinking. Seeing through the eyes of others and thinking along their lines helps you choose language that fits their way of understanding.
This ability, as cognitive scientists put it, demands "additional computational mechanisms": we need to think about feelings. Jus tine Cassell's researchers routinely employ this variety of empathy in their work.
An inquisitive nature, which predisposes us to learn from ev erybody, feeds our cognitive empathy, amplifying our understand ing of other people's worlds. One successful executive who exem plifies this attitude put it this way: "I've always just wanted to learn everything, to understand anybody that I was around-why they thought what they did, why they did what they did, what worked for them, and what didn't work."
The earliest roots in life of such perspective-taking trace to the ways infants learn the basic building blocks of emotional life, such as how their own states differ from other people's and how people react to the feelings they express. This most basic emotional under stan'ding marks the first time an infant can take another person's
point of view, entertain several perspectives, and share meaning with other people.
Our circuitry for empathy was designed for face-to-face moments. Today, working together online poses special challenges for empathy. Take, for example, that familiar moment in a meeting when everyone has reached a tacit consensus, and one person then articulates aloud what everyone already knows but has not said: "Okay, then we all agree on this." Heads nod.
But coming to such consensus in an online text-based discussion requires flying blind, without relying on the continuous cascade of nonverbal messages that in a real meeting let someone announce aloud the as-yet-unspoken agreement. We can base our reading of others only on what they have to say. Beyond that, there's reading between the lines: online we rely on cognitive empathy, the variety of mind-reading that lets us infer what's going on in someone else's mind.
Cognitive empathy gives us the ability to understand another person's ways of seeing and of thinking. Seeing through the eyes of others and thinking along their lines helps you choose language that fits their way of understanding.
This ability, as cognitive scientists put it, demands "additional computational mechanisms": we need to think about feelings. Jus tine Cassell's researchers routinely employ this variety of empathy in their work.
An inquisitive nature, which predisposes us to learn from ev erybody, feeds our cognitive empathy, amplifying our understand ing of other people's worlds. One successful executive who exem plifies this attitude put it this way: "I've always just wanted to learn everything, to understand anybody that I was around-why they thought what they did, why they did what they did, what worked for them, and what didn't work."
The earliest roots in life of such perspective-taking trace to the ways infants learn the basic building blocks of emotional life, such as how their own states differ from other people's and how people react to the feelings they express. This most basic emotional under stan'ding marks the first time an infant can take another person's
point of view, entertain several perspectives, and share meaning with other people.
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