To determine treatment effects on crown position and liana
infestation of remnant trees, we first tested if trees growing in the
different treatments varied significantly in these variables at plot
installation (time 0). Given that both average light availability and
liana infestation were significantly different among treatments
before treatment application (for light availability, Kruskal–Wallis,
d.f. = 2, x = 7.02, p = 0.03; for liana infestation, Kruskal–Wallis,
d.f. = 2, x = 14.87, p = 0.01), we could not use a repeatedmeasurements
ANOVA. Therefore, we calculated the change in light availability and liana infestation between the last (4 years
post-treatment) and the first (pre-treatment) measurements. A
positive change in crown position denotes an improvement in light
availability over time, while a negative change in liana infestation
denotes a decrease in liana infestation over time. To determine the
effect of treatment on the change in light availability and liana
infestation, we used a Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Mann–
Whitney tests of differences among treatments.