When compared internationally to their peers, United States’ students do not come close to the level of achievement reached by their peers (National Mathematics Advisory Panel (NMAP), 2008). The 2007 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) found for fourth grade, United States students ranked eleventh for mathematics achievement when compared with students from other countries. The top performing countries for fourth grade were in rank order: Hong Kong, Singapore, China, Japan, and Kazakhstan. For eighth grade, United States students ranked ninth for mathematics achievement with China, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Japan performing the best.