In general, parent job status and parent education seems to have different effects (Chui and Khoo,
2005). Parents’ higher job status and mother’s education improved the academic performance of
their child. A father’s level of schooling, however, did not. These results mirror other studies
showing that parents’ social networks and mother’s schooling affected students’ academic
performance more than did father’s level of schooling (Stafford and Dainton, 1995).