This is a subject on which it would be useful to have more and larger-scale research. Kvaal and Nobes (2010) note that their sample is of very large companies, which are likely to be subject to pressures to comply with international accounting norms. National differences among smaller publicly-traded companies may well therefore be even greater, and this conjecture is confirmed by the findings of Nobes and Perramon (2013). Smaller publicly-traded companies attract less interest than larger ones from investors and analysts, so they have less incentive to meet international reporting norms.