Furthermore, the study excluded a portion of the Penang offshore region. It is also important to note that the measurements taken from ships contributing to the VOS data were not taken at WTG hub height. Nevertheless, the greatest issues with this study were the locations where the wind measurements were taken and the times at which measurements were taken at WTG hub height. Nevertheless, the greatest issues with this study were the locations where the wind measurements were taken and the times at which measurements were taken. There were no consistent locations linked to times when readings were taken from ships. Therefore, the best image the VOS data can provide is a composite of momentary glimpses of wind speed scattered across shipping lanes, often with very sparse or long periods of no tem- poral and/or spatial data. The high spatial and temporal variability of the VOS observations suggest that they may not be repre- sentative of the wind regime over a medium or large spatial area or a long time span [7].