4.10. Outcome measures
We used definitions of vitamin D deficiency according to the Australian
guidelines published by Paxton et al. (Paxton et al., 2013) where
sufficient vitamin D is greater than 50 nmol/L, mild deficiency from 30
to 50 nmol/L, moderate deficiency from 12.5 to 29 nmol/L, and severe
deficiency defined level below 12.5 nmol/L. We defined reduced sun exposure
as direct sun exposure of less than 1 h per day on average and/or
using sun protection cream two or more times daily on most days.