In subcultural reward systems, artists create their work for an identifiable subculture, as in the case of Crane’s example of black urban jazz music – or in quilts produced by local clubs or in the fiction written by and for science fiction fans who know each other through the web. Like semi-autonomous systems, artists control symbolic rewards, and consumers material ones. In many subcultural reward systems, however, the creators and audience can merge into one another, and rewards become mostly symbolic. This is the case for most of the folk arts. Finally, heterocultural reward systems are found in cultural industries in which large corporations produce art. Business people, rather than artists, control the financial aspects of the creative process, and also set standards for it. Diverse audiences provide both approval and financial rewards. The rewards, than, come from a variety of sources, but not from artists themselves, Crane’e ideas relate to Bourdieu’s 1993 concept of artistic fields.