Some other writers also see decentralization as necessary condition for increasing the scope of decisions and thus incentives available to local 'participants all as well as to build institutions and to encourage structure to focus and stabilize such participation On that basis people participation seems to be an essential ingredient in the development process and decentralization has been seen as a way of inducing that participation. One of arguments of the United Nations (1998) in this regard is that decentralization facilitates significant opportunities for local and national development and also it has direct and indirect opportunities for poverty alleviation Similarly Chambers R. (1983) with a sociological perspective, argues that in order to have more benefits from development, "spatial reversals" are required and decentralization is an important way to that spatial reversal. "It is thus one way of breaking into what Chambers terms .as "the deprivation trap" i. e. that mutually reinforcing situation of powerlessness, vulnerability, physical weakness, poverty, isolation into which the majority of the word are locked" (Gingham and Others: 1992:375). Similarly Chambers argues that local materials, technology, plans, policies according to the interest of local people are often appropriate and more economical than transported extensively from headquarters. In that sense decentralization promotes local innovation, which is an essential requirement for regional and rural development. "In a decentralized system, local official could have closer contacts with local people that would allow them to obtain better information which facilitate to formulate more realistic and effective plans" (Rondinelli: 1981). If this is the case, decentruhvation could increase the efficiency in provision of public goods and set Ices. The World Bank (1998) is also in this line by arguing that decentralization is to improve the competitiveness of government that" III make local governments trying to satisfy the wishes of its citizens.