Environmental governance: Mumbai ranks below average in environmental governance. Its environmental authority only has partial jurisdiction to formulate and implement policies on environmental protection. The city performs well for environmental monitoring, reflecting the fact that one of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai’s duties since 1994 has been “environmental protection and promotion of ecology and urban forestry”. The agency monitors environmental quality and reports the status of the environment annually through an official status report. In 2008-2009 about 8% of the agency’s budget went to “cleanliness and improvement of the city’s environment”, including activities pertaining to solid waste, eco housing, trees and air pollution. Yet while the city government is responsible for most services with a direct impact on the environment, including water, sanitation, waste, air quality, land use and human settlements, a number of other agencies with unclear jurisdictions and overlapping roles are also involved. These include the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority, Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation and the Slum Rehabilitation Authority. The city also receives partial marks for its efforts to involve citizens in decisions about environmental projects, and provide a central contact point for Mumbai’s citizens to access information on environmental performance