Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia associated with complete or partial deficiencies in insulin secretion or function and is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting millions of people globally [1]. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, and characterized by a deficiency in the secretion of insulin, while type 2 diabetes is due to abnormal secretion and/or action of insulin, or both. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance promote an oxidative stress and a pro-inflammatory state, two factors that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and diabetic co-morbidities, such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. Type 2 diabetes (the most common form of this disease) is one of the world’s fastest growing metabolic diseases. It is often, but not always, associated with obesity, which itself can cause insulin resistance and lead to elevated blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes has evolved in association with cultural and social changes, aging populations, increasing urbanization, dietary changes, reduced physical activity, and other unhealthy lifestyle factors. In industrialized countries, along with the aging of the population and the increasing prevalence of obesity, the incidence of diabetes has increased steadily in the last decades.