Approach
Merits and drawbacks of that technique. The merits and draw backs of cloze tests are discussed through the presentation of each type. Since the researcher tend to suggest the use of cloze tests in the evaluation of Iraqi learners’ achievement in English; therefore, the following points are going to be discussed: I. Integrative Language testing. II. Cloze tests: a. Construction of cloze tests b. Cloze tests as integrative tasks c. Types of cloze tests d. Scoring the test e. Uses of cloze tests III. Conclusions. IV. Recommendations. I. Integrative Language testing The emergence of the integrative approach to language teaching and testing is associated with two trends of contemporary linguistics. The first is called the language competence trend which is connected with various views of psycholinguistics. It is based on a belief in such a thing as overall language proficiency which is represented in the innate ability of people to generate infinite number of novel utterances through using a definite number of linguistic rules (Yule, 1985:87) and a feeling that the knowledge of language is more than just the sum of a set of discrete parts, ( Spolsky, 1975:24o).The second is the communicative trend which is connected with views of modern socio-linguistics. It is associated with the notion that Language learners should not only be able to produce forms that are grammatically correct but also they should be able to produce language suitable to a given social situation. When the aims of language teaching shift toward the developing of learners’ communicative competence, language testing should also aim at testing the use of language as a tool of purposeful and social communication. The evaluation o f such notions requires the use of language at the suprasentential or discourse level. This is particularly why the researcher is interested in cloze tests as an integrative type of tests which work at the textual level. To support the use of the integrative approach to language testing, Davies (1978:218) states three arguments. The first is that language, in its essence, is not a set of unrelated bits. Therefore, these bits should be taught and tested in an integrative form. The second is that language use is purposeful. The purpose is always communicative. Therefore, what should be tested is the communicative ability and not formal linguistic knowledge (Davies, ibid: 215). The third argument is that the discrete-point approach to language testing is too general to be of any value and what is required is a specific test to test a specific purpose.
วิธีการMerits and drawbacks of that technique. The merits and draw backs of cloze tests are discussed through the presentation of each type. Since the researcher tend to suggest the use of cloze tests in the evaluation of Iraqi learners’ achievement in English; therefore, the following points are going to be discussed: I. Integrative Language testing. II. Cloze tests: a. Construction of cloze tests b. Cloze tests as integrative tasks c. Types of cloze tests d. Scoring the test e. Uses of cloze tests III. Conclusions. IV. Recommendations. I. Integrative Language testing The emergence of the integrative approach to language teaching and testing is associated with two trends of contemporary linguistics. The first is called the language competence trend which is connected with various views of psycholinguistics. It is based on a belief in such a thing as overall language proficiency which is represented in the innate ability of people to generate infinite number of novel utterances through using a definite number of linguistic rules (Yule, 1985:87) and a feeling that the knowledge of language is more than just the sum of a set of discrete parts, ( Spolsky, 1975:24o).The second is the communicative trend which is connected with views of modern socio-linguistics. It is associated with the notion that Language learners should not only be able to produce forms that are grammatically correct but also they should be able to produce language suitable to a given social situation. When the aims of language teaching shift toward the developing of learners’ communicative competence, language testing should also aim at testing the use of language as a tool of purposeful and social communication. The evaluation o f such notions requires the use of language at the suprasentential or discourse level. This is particularly why the researcher is interested in cloze tests as an integrative type of tests which work at the textual level. To support the use of the integrative approach to language testing, Davies (1978:218) states three arguments. The first is that language, in its essence, is not a set of unrelated bits. Therefore, these bits should be taught and tested in an integrative form. The second is that language use is purposeful. The purpose is always communicative. Therefore, what should be tested is the communicative ability and not formal linguistic knowledge (Davies, ibid: 215). The third argument is that the discrete-point approach to language testing is too general to be of any value and what is required is a specific test to test a specific purpose.
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