The wavelengths of visible light range from 400 nm to 700 nm. Infrared and radio waves have longer wavelengths but lower frequencies; ultraviolet and gamma ray have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies. The graph below shows the opacity of our atmosphere to EM waves in different frequencies. We can see that the Earth's atmosphere is opaque to, say, gamma rays and transparent to the visible light. So, we have to put gamma ray telescopes in space.