(c) Equivalence
In this procedure a translator replaces SL text through equivalents
in TL text. A common experience is that one and the same
situation can be rendered by two or more different stylistic and
structural methods. A classical example of equivalence is the
reaction of an amateur who accidentally hits his finger with a
hammer: “if he were French his cry of pain would be transcribed
as ‘Aie!’, and if he were English, this would be interpreted as
‘ouch!’10 Many equivalents are fixed and belong to the repertoire
of idioms, clichés, and proverbs. Generally proverbs are perfect
example of equivalences. The method of creating equivalences is
frequently applied to idioms too but in case of the Qur’ānic
translation perfect equivalence of the Qur’ānic imagery is a
fundamental problem. Though some English phrases and idioms
give a closer equivalence yet communication of the intensity of
the Qur’ānic Message through these substitutions is virtually
impossible. However, in commercial translations such
equivalences may serve the purpose.
(d) Adaptation
This procedure is used where the situation being referred to by
the SL message is unknown in the TL culture and as a resort, in
such cases translators have to adapt and create a new equivalent
situation just to run the job. So adaptation can be regarded as a
situational equivalence. Refusal to inevitable adaptation affects
not only the syntactic structure but also hinders the development
of ideas in the text. All of the procedures of translating given
above may be applied more or less at the three levels of
expression, i.e., lexis, syntactic structure and message.
(c) Equivalence
In this procedure a translator replaces SL text through equivalents
in TL text. A common experience is that one and the same
situation can be rendered by two or more different stylistic and
structural methods. A classical example of equivalence is the
reaction of an amateur who accidentally hits his finger with a
hammer: “if he were French his cry of pain would be transcribed
as ‘Aie!’, and if he were English, this would be interpreted as
‘ouch!’10 Many equivalents are fixed and belong to the repertoire
of idioms, clichés, and proverbs. Generally proverbs are perfect
example of equivalences. The method of creating equivalences is
frequently applied to idioms too but in case of the Qur’ānic
translation perfect equivalence of the Qur’ānic imagery is a
fundamental problem. Though some English phrases and idioms
give a closer equivalence yet communication of the intensity of
the Qur’ānic Message through these substitutions is virtually
impossible. However, in commercial translations such
equivalences may serve the purpose.
(d) Adaptation
This procedure is used where the situation being referred to by
the SL message is unknown in the TL culture and as a resort, in
such cases translators have to adapt and create a new equivalent
situation just to run the job. So adaptation can be regarded as a
situational equivalence. Refusal to inevitable adaptation affects
not only the syntactic structure but also hinders the development
of ideas in the text. All of the procedures of translating given
above may be applied more or less at the three levels of
expression, i.e., lexis, syntactic structure and message.
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