High-protein wheat flour (using for ramen, fresh noodles and
dumplings) was produced by China Oil and Foodstuffs Corp.,
Beijing, China. Moisture, ash, and protein content were 13.5%,
0.57% and 13.1%, respectively, as determined according to the
AACC methods 44-15A, 46-12, and 08-01, respectively (AACC,
2000). All chemical reagents used were of analytical grade