Figure 8. Effect of particle-cell interactions on cell membrane integrity. Various cancer cells were cultured with TiO2
particles (1 mg/mL) for 3 hours. The cell
membranes were then stained with FM1-43 membrane stain (red) as well as nuclear DAPI staining (blue). (A) Untreated LLC cell showed continuous cell
membrane stain. (B) Rough membrane was found on particle-exposed LLC cell. (C) Smooth cell membrane on control B16F1 cells. (D) Particle-exposed
B16F1 cells have prominent disrupted membranes. (E)Complete membranes were found on untreated B16F10 cells, whereas (F) particle-treated B16F10 cells
were covered with fragmented membranes.