Kuhlthau’s model of the Information Search Process (ISP)
[1-5] is an important framework and diagnostic tools in
library and information science. The model was first
suggested by Carol Kuhlthau in the 1980s and deepened in
the 1990s. The model is a six-stage process of the
information seeking experiences, i.e., task initiation, topic
selection, prefocus exploration, focus formulation,
information collection and search closure. The ISP model
classifies three various fields, including feelings, thoughts
and actions, integrates into each stage of information seeking.
Uncertainty plays a central role in reflecting user’s feeling
and thoughts in the six stage of information seeking. There is
a principle of uncertainty for information seeking that use
feeling as the indicator for the statue of uncertain in
deference stage. Since this model formulates theoretical
concepts within librarianship and information seeking, it was
successfully used in library and information science, as well
as in other information seeking practice in diverse fields
including education, daily life