The major analyses in the study included two steps: (a) estimation of constants in such as regression weights or treatment effect sizes, and (b) evaluating prediction results obtained by prediction functions that used the constants estimated in step (a). steps (a) and (b) used comparable data sets but did not contain the same cases Rather. for both the Japanese and the Korean data sets the major samples were divided into two sub-samples. The first sub-sample was used for estimating the constants and is referred to as the "estimation" sample the second was used for evaluating prediction results and is referred to as the "cross-validation" sample The division of the major sample was accomplished by removing every third case, resulting in two sub-samples. the estimation sanuple having 1416 cases and the cross sample having 2s31 cases hen creating the Korean samples, estimation and crows amples cach used every other case, resulting in an estination sample of 814 cases and a cross-validation sample of s13 cases